SeaChest_Firmware                                          Revision: 13-Oct-2025
===============================================================================
 SeaChest_Firmware - Seagate drive utilities
 Copyright (c) 2014-2025 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
 See Version History below.
===============================================================================
Welcome to Seagate's SeaChest_Firmware diagnostic software.

SeaChest_Firmware is a comprehensive command line tool that can be used to
update firmware, also known as microcode, on Seagate disk drives (this includes
Seagate, Maxtor, Samsung and LaCie).

Seagate products are run by firmware.  Having the latest firmware can improve
performance and or reliability of your product.  Seagate recommends applying
new firmware to enhance the performance and or reliability of your drive.  Like
any software, firmware is improved over time and problems are also fixed.Ã‚Â 
Every drive family has a couple of firmware releases during the life of the
product.Ã‚Â  Please check in regularly to determine if new firmware is available
for your drive.

SeaChest_Firmware allows for both single drive and sequential batch mode
firmware download.

NOTE: Windows severely restricts downloading firmware to SATA drives.  Please
see the section below "Windows Restrictions Over SATA Firmware Downloads".
SeaChest_Firmware may not be fully functional on non-Seagate drives.

This User Guide file contains important information about SeaChest_Firmware.
Please read this entire file before using this software.

If this is your drive, you should always keep a current backup of your
important data.

Be very careful using SeaChest_Firmware. Power failure during a firmware
download will cause data loss. Never apply firmware to a drive unless you are
certain that the firmware data file is specifically prepared for your drive.
Seagate is not responsible for lost user data.

Usage - Linux (run with sudo)
=============================
        SeaChest_Firmware [-d <sg_device>] {arguments} {options}

Examples - Linux
================
        sudo SeaChest_Firmware --scan
        sudo SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg2 -i
        sudo SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg2 --fwdlInfo
        sudo SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg2 --downloadFW fwfilename
        sudo SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg2 --fwdlConfig configfile.json

Usage - Windows (run as administrator)
======================================
        SeaChest_Firmware [-d <PD_device>] {arguments} {options}

Examples - Windows
==================
        SeaChest_Firmware --scan
        SeaChest_Firmware -d PD2 -i
        SeaChest_Firmware -d PD2 --fwdlInfo
        SeaChest_Firmware -d PD2 --fwdlConfig configfile.json

==========================================================================================
 SeaChest_Firmware - Seagate drive utilities - NVMe Enabled
 Copyright (c) 2014-2025 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
 SeaChest_Firmware Version: 4.3.3 X86_64
 Build Date: Oct 10 2025
 Today: 20251013T140222	User: current user
==========================================================================================
Usage
=====
	 SeaChest_Firmware [-d <sg_device>] {arguments} {options}

Examples
========
	SeaChest_Firmware --scan
	SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg<#> -i
	SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg<#> --SATInfo
	SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg<#> --llInfo
	SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg<#> --fwdlInfo
	Updating firmware:
	SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg<#> --downloadFW file.bin
	Updating firmware with deferred download and activating:
	SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg<#> --downloadFW file.bin --downloadMode deferred --activateFW
	Updating firmware and specifying a firmware slot (NVMe)
	SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg<#> --downloadFW file.bin --downloadMode deferred
	  +
	SeaChest_Firmware -d /dev/sg<#> --activateFW --firmwareSlot 2

Return codes
============
	Generic/Common exit codes
	0 = No Error Found
	1 = Error in command line options
	2 = Invalid Device Handle or Missing Device Handle
	3 = Operation Failure
	4 = Operation not supported
	5 = Operation Aborted
	6 = File Path Not Found
	7 = Cannot Open File
	8 = File Already Exists
	9 = Need Elevated Privileges
	10 = Not enough resources
	11 = Error Writing File
	12 = Device not found when opening handle.
	13 = Device not opened. Handle is busy.
	14 = Insecure Directory to read or write file
	---SeaChest_Firmware specific exit codes---
	32 = Firmware Download Complete
	33 = Deferred Firmware Download Complete
	34 = Deferred Code Activated
	35 = No Drive or Firmware match found
	36 = Model number matched, but Firmware mismatched
	37 = Firmware File Hash Error
	38 = Firmware Already up to date
	39 = Firmware Match Found for update
	40 = Firmware Match Found for update - deferred update supported
	41 = 
	42 = 
	43 = 
	44 = 
	45 = 
	46 = 
	Anything else = unknown error

Utility Options
===============
	--csmiIgnorePort (Obsolete)
		This option is obsolete and will be removed in future versions.

	--csmiUsePort (Obsolete)
		This option is obsolete and will be removed in future versions.

	--csmiVerbose (Obsolete)
		This option is obsolete and will be removed in future versions.

	--echoCommandLine
		Echo the command line entered into the utility on the screen.

	--enableLegacyUSBPassthrough
		Only use this option on old USB or IEEE1394 (Firewire)
		products that do not otherwise work with the tool.
		This option will enable a trial and error method that
		attempts sending various ATA Identify commands through
		vendor specific means. Because of this, certain products
		that may respond in unintended ways since they may interpret
		these commands differently than the bridge chip the command
		was designed for.

	--forceATA
		Using this option will force the current drive to
		be treated as a ATA drive. Only ATA commands will
		be used to talk to the drive.

	--forceATADMA	(SATA Only)
		Using this option will force the tool to issue SAT
		commands to ATA device using the protocol set to DMA
		whenever possible (on DMA commands).
		This option can be combined with --forceATA

	--forceATAPIO	(SATA Only)
		Using this option will force the tool to issue PIO
		commands to ATA device when possible. This option can
		be combined with --forceATA

	--forceATAUDMA	(SATA Only)
		Using this option will force the tool to issue SAT
		commands to ATA device using the protocol set to UDMA
		whenever possible (on DMA commands).
		This option can be combined with --forceATA

	--forceSCSI
		Using this option will force the current drive to
		be treated as a SCSI drive. Only SCSI commands will
		be used to talk to the drive.

	-h, --help
		Show utility options and example usage (this output you see now)
		Please report bugs/suggestions to seaboard@seagate.com.
		Include the output of --version information in the email.

	--license
		Display the Seagate End User License Agreement (EULA).

	--modelMatch [model Number]
		Use this option to run on all drives matching the provided
		model number. This option will provide a closest match although
		an exact match is preferred. Ex: ST500 will match ST500LM0001

	--newFW [firmware revision]
		Use this option to skip drives matching the provided
		firmware revision. This option will only do an exact match.
		This option should be used to skip performing an update if
		a drive already has this firmware revision loaded.

	--noBanner
		Use this option to suppress the text banner that displays each time
		openSeaChest is run.

	--onlyFW [firmware revision]
		Use this option to run on all drives matching the provided
		firmware revision. This option will only do an exact match.

	--onlySeagate
		Use this option to match only Seagate drives for the options
		provided

	-q, --quiet
		Run SeaChest_Firmware in quiet mode. This is the same as
		-v 0 or --verbose 0

	-v [0-4], --verbose [0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4]
		Show verbose information. Verbosity levels are:
		0 - quiet
		1 - default
		2 - command descriptions
		3 - command descriptions and values
		4 - command descriptions, values, and data buffers
		Example: -v 3 or --verbose 3

	-V, --version
		Show SeaChest_Firmware version and copyright information & exit


Utility Arguments
=================
	-d, --device [deviceHandle | all]
		Use this option with most commands to specify the device
		handle on which to perform an operation. Example: /dev/sg<#>
		CSMI device handles can be specified as <error<#><#><#>>
		To run across all devices detected in the system, use the
		"all" argument instead of a device handle.
		Example: -d all
		NOTE: The "all" argument is handled by running the
		      specified options on each drive detected in the
		      OS sequentially. For parallel operations, please
		      use a script opening a separate instance for each
		      device handle.

	-F, --scanFlags [option list]
		Use this option to control the output from scan with the
		options listed below. Multiple options can be combined.
			ata - show only ATA (SATA) devices
			usb - show only USB devices
			scsi - show only SCSI (SAS) devices
			nvme - show only NVMe devices
			interfaceATA - show devices on an ATA interface
			interfaceUSB - show devices on a USB interface
			interfaceSCSI - show devices on a SCSI or SAS interface
			interfaceNVME = show devices on an NVMe interface
			sd - show sd device handles
			sgtosd - show the sd and sg device handle mapping
			ignoreCSMI - do not scan for any CSMI devices
			allowDuplicates - allow drives with both CSMI and PD handles
			                  to show up multiple times in the list

	-i, --deviceInfo
		Show information and features for the storage device

	--llInfo
		Dump low-level information about the device to assist with debugging.

	-s, --scan
		Scan the system and list all storage devices with logical
		/dev/sg<#> assignments. Shows model, serial and firmware
		numbers.  If your device is not listed on a scan  immediately
		after booting, then wait 10 seconds and run it again.

	-S, --Scan
		This option is the same as --scan or -s,
		however it will also perform a low level rescan to pick up
		other devices. This low level rescan may wake devices from low
		power states and may cause the OS to re-enumerate them.
		Use this option when a device is plugged in and not discovered in
		a normal scan.
		NOTE: A low-level rescan may not be available on all interfaces or
		all OSs. The low-level rescan is not guaranteed to find additional
		devices in the system when the device is unable to come to a ready state.

	--SATInfo
		Displays SATA device information on any interface
		using both SCSI Inquiry / VPD / Log reported data
		(translated according to SAT) and the ATA Identify / Log
		reported data.

	--testUnitReady
		Issues a SCSI Test Unit Ready command and displays the
		status. If the drive is not ready, the sense key, asc,
		ascq, and fru will be displayed and a human readable
		translation from the SPC spec will be displayed if one
		is available.

	--fastDiscovery
		Use this option  to issue a fast scan on the specified drive. 

	--activateFW
		Use this option to issue the command to activate code that was
		sent to the drive using a deferred download command. This will
		immediately activate the new code on the drive.
		You can use this along with a --downloadFW & --downloadMode to
		automatically issue the activate command after the download has
		completed.

		WARNING: Firmware activation may affect all LUNs/namespaces for devices
		         with multiple logical units or namespaces.

	--calculateFileHash [file]
		Use this option to calculate the hash of a file.
		The following hashes are computed and shown on the
		screen:
		    MD5
		    SHA1
		    SHA2_224
		    SHA2_256
		    SHA2_384
		    SHA2_512

	--downloadFW [firmware_filename]
		Download firmware to a Seagate storage product. Use only
		Seagate authorized firmware data files which are designated
		for the specific model drive. Improper use of this option may
		harm a device and or its data. You may specify the path (without
		spaces) if the firmware data file is in a different location.
		This option will use auto mode by default to choose the best method
		for updating the drive firmware. Use the --downloadMode option to		specify a different download mode.

		WARNING: Firmware updates may affect all LUNs/namespaces
		         for devices with multiple logical units or namespaces.

	--downloadMode [ auto | full | segmented | deferred | deferred+activate ]
		Use this option along with the --downloadFW option
		to set the firmware download mode.
		Supported Modes:
			auto - automatically determines the best mode to use to
			       perform the firmware update.
			full - performs a download in one large
			            transfer to the device.
			segmented - downloads the firmware in multiple
			            segments to the device. (Most compatible)
			deferred - performs a segmented download to the
			           device, but does not activate the new
			           firmware until a powercycle or activate
			           command is sent.
			deferred+activate - performs a deferred download and
			                    automatically acitvates it for you.
			                    Similar to how a segmented download works
			                    but uses a separate activate command. This
			                    is the recommended mode that "auto" will
			                    select when possible for maximum compatibility
			                    with Windows 10 and later operating systems.

		WARNING: Firmware Updates may affect all LUNs/namespaces for devices
		         with multiple logical units or namespaces.

	--firmwareSlot/--fwBufferID slot#
		Use this option to specify a firmware slot (NVMe) or a buffer ID (SCSI)
		along with the --downloadMode (SCSI) or --activateFW (NVMe & SCSI) options.
		If this option is not used, a value of zero will be used instead,
		which means the drive will automatically select the slot number.

	--fwdlConfig [config file]
		Use this option to specify a Seagate config file to perform an
		update based on a firmware match on multiple drives or a
		single drive in the system.

	--fwdlDryRun
		Use this option to compare a given config file to the drives in a
		system without performing a firmware update. This can be used to check
		if any drives in the system require an update.

	--fwdlInfo
		Use this option to show the firmware download support
		information for a drive.

	--showLockedRegions
		This option should only be used when performing firmware
		updates on legacy products. What this does is it ignores
		a failing error code from the OS on the final segment of a
		firmware update, but this update is actually successful.
		This is needed to workaround hardware or firmware limitations
		that were present in some old products.

	--fwdlSegSize [segment size in 512B blocks]
		Use this option to specify a segment size in 512B blocks
		to use for a segmented or deferred download. This option
		will not affect an immediate download (full buffer at once).
		The default segment size used is 64. Larger segment sizes
		may be faster, however they may also be incompatible with
		controllers or drivers in the system. Smaller values are
		more likely to be compatible, but also slower.
		Use this option if the default used by the tool is not
		working correctly for firmware updates.

	--switchFW 	(NVMe Only)
		Use this option to switch to a different firmware slot on an
		NVMe drive. You must specify a slot with the --firmwareSlot option
		or this will fail. The specified slot must already have a
		valid firmware image in it as well.

		WARNING: Switching firmware may affect all LUNs/namespaces for devices
		         with multiple logical units or namespaces.


================
Tool Usage Hints
================
See Sample Output examples below.

First, run the SeaChest -s option to determine what /dev/sg? or PD? device
handle assignment lines up to your disk drive. This option will also show you
other details about the drive including the current firmware revision.

Linux:
Vendor     Handle       Model Number       Serial Number     FwRev
ATA        /dev/sg0     ST94813AS          3AA043KP          3.03
SEAGATE    /dev/sg1     ST1000NM0011       ZAA15VAS          SN03

Windows:
Vendor     Handle   Model Number        Serial Number     FwRev
IDE        PD0      ST94813AS           3AA043KP          3.03
SEAGATE    PD1      ST1000NM0011        ZAA15VAS          SN03

You can use SeaChest -s --onlySeagate to limit the display to just Seagate.

All utility arguments will require you to identify the specific drive by
providing the sg or PD device handle (-d, --device).

Lin example, SeaChest_Basics -d /dev/sg1 --shortDST --poll
Win example, SeaChest_Basics -d PD2 --shortDST --poll

You may combine multiple tests with a single command line.  For example,
in Linux, SeaChest_Basics -d /dev/sg0 -i --smartCheck runs both identify and
SMART.  In Windows, SeaChest_Basics -d PD0 -i --smartCheck runs both
identify and SMART.

Multiple device handles can be given by adding -d /dev/sg# for each additional
handle.  Devices are processed in sequential order.  For example, in Linux,
SeaChest_Basics -d /dev/sg0 -d /dev/sg3 -i runs identify on these two
devices.  In Windows, SeaChest_Basics -d PD0 -d PD3 -i runs identify on
these two devices.

Caution: All device handles may be specified.  However, great care should be
taken to fully anticipate the consequences of running a command on all storage
devices in a system.  For example, a command to erase data on all drives could
be catastrophic or exactly what you want. The shortcut to select all devices is
-d all.  Seagate is not responsible for lost user data.  Along with the
designation for all devices, you can narrow the tasks to specific types of
drives by using the --onlySeagate, --modelMatch and --onlyFW filters.

If the task is an OFFLINE command like format unit or short DST, meaning that
the drive works on the task in the background and the tool quickly returns to
the command prompt (there is little or no I/O to the system), then you can
expect the system to run normally. If the task has high I/O to the system like
a sequential read of all sectors on the drive, then you can expect the system
to slow down with each additional device.

The discussion above is about starting SEQUENTIAL tests, or one after the
other.  When the task does not return to the command prompt for a very long
time, then you have a few options to run tests in PARALLEL, also called
simultaneous, in other words all at the same time.  One way is to start
different drives in different Terminal windows, if available.  There are other
more sophisticated methods using parallel processing, for information about
these methods please see the information at this link:
https://github.com/Seagate/ToolBin/tree/master/SeaChest/parallel_testing

Tests which take a very long time to complete or erase all user data on the
drive will require a longer command line argument than indicated in the --help
output to the screen.  This approach is taken to eliminate the possibility of
accidental data loss or the commitment of long test times. The longer command
arguments are similar to -I-understand-this-command-will-take-a-long-time or
-I-understand-this-command-will-erase-all-data.

Tests which alter the firmware or erase user data on the drive are limited to
Seagate-only products which include Seagate, Maxtor, Samsung and LaCie.

Advanced SAS installations may use dual ports.  These are listed as Port 0 and
Port 1 on the device information report. When both ports are active, each one
may have a unique /dev/sg designation.  The scan option may indicate that there
are two drives in the system with the same serial number.  Dual port
installations will also report two different Worldwide Numbers (WWN).

Windows Only Usage
==================
All Windows version tools support finding CSMI devices and talking to them like
you would a normal device.  The scan output will show all drives it detects
ONCE. CSMI device handles have a structure like csmi:<controller>:<port>:<lun>.  
If a drive has both a PD? and csmi:?:?:? handle, then SeaChest will show the PD
handle instead of the CSMI handle.

When drives are in a RAID, the PD device handle is usually not available and
the CSMI handle may provide an alternate way to talk to the drive.  Just
because a device has a CSMI handle doesn't mean it is part of a RAID.

If you want to see both handles, add --scanFlags allowDuplicates to the command
line.  If you don't want to see any CSMI devices, add --scanFlags ignoreCSMI to
the command line.  SeaChest_Info -d csmi:?:?:? --csmiInfo is useful when
troubleshooting CSMI device handles questions.
=========================
Linux General Usage Hints
=========================
Remember that Linux file names and command line arguments are cAsE SeNsiTiVe.

Display a file listing with the Linux command: ls -lah

The tool will require root privileges to run using either sudo or su commands.
Also, verify that the tool has executable rights.

A dot slash is a dot followed immediately by a forward slash (./). It is used
in Linux to execute a compiled program in the current directory when it is not
a built-in command or found in your path.

For example, ./SeaChest -d /dev/sg0 --shortDST --poll
or, sudo ./SeaChest -d /dev/sg0 --shortDST --poll

Shut down the files system and remove the power with the command:
poweroff

See previous screen history with the key combination:
Shift+PgUp or Shift+PgDn

Save a log file by redirecting the screen output to a text file by adding space
&>test.log at the end of your command line. Choose your own file name. To
append the screen output to an existing log file use >>test.log.

To save a log and display results at the conclusion of the tests, you can use
the "tee" command. Tee command writes to the STDOUT and to a file.
For example,
SeaChest --echoCommandLine -d /dev/sg0 -i --smartCheck | tee -a mySeaChestLog.txt

Display a log or text file with the Linux "less" command: less myfile.log
Press the letter q to quit displaying the file.  Similarly, you can easily
read the Seagate License agreement by piping the output to the less
command with SeaChest --license |less

Display a list of sg (SCSI generic) devices with the command:
cat /sys/class/scsi_generic/sg*/device/model
or
ls /dev/sg*

sg devices include the following interfaces: SATA, USB, SCSI (SCSI, SAS and FC)

Add the command word 'time' on the same command line before the SeaChest
command to see how much time it takes to run a test.
For example, time ./SeaChest -d /dev/sg0 --shortDST --poll

When drives are not detected by SeaChest
--------------------------------------------
The problem is that the sg driver isn't loaded on the system on boot.  You can
test if it is loaded by doing "ls /dev/sg*" and see if anything shows up. If
nothing shows up then the SG driver is missing (which is required by
SeaChest to issue commands).

You need to do "modprobe sg" as root to load the sg module (since it wasn't
compiled into the kernel), then you will get sg devices that we can scan and
find. Once you run the modprobe command and sg is successfully loaded, then you
can re-run "ls /dev/sg*" and see SG device nodes. SeaChest tools should
then be able to find devices once again.

How to control the amount of runtime kernel messages
----------------------------------------------------
When testing more drives than a system can hold, careful use of host adapters
and hot-plugging batches of drives (but never to direct motherboard
connections!) can help speed the process.  The Linux operating system will
display various system error messages, or none, when storage devices are
powered down and exchanged with the next drives.  The amount of information
contained in the OS error messages can be reviewed using the Linux utility
command "sysctl kernel.printk".  The default setting is defined by the
particular distro.  Tiny Core Linux, for example may set "4 4 1 7".  To hide
hot-plugging messages try "3 4 1 7", to increase the messaging to include
device details like model numbers try "6 4 1 7".  The command to set is 'sudo
sysctl -w kernel.printk="6 4 1 7"'.  See man sysctl - "configure kernel
parameters at runtime" for more.

Tesing storage devices on the USB and Thunderbolt interfaces
------------------------------------------------------------
Sometimes, when testing a storage device, it is more convenient to attach it as
an external drive to the test system. In the case of SATA drives there are very
many SATA-to-USB 'bridge' adapters available.  The quality and range of command
'passthrough' support for these adapters varies greatly.  Our tools will
attempt to work through these adapters.

If your notebook has a Thunderbolt interface connection then you may be able to
test a wide range of devices.  External Thunderbolt expansion systems provide a
PCIe slot in a chassis that can hold a SAS, NVMe, or SATA host adapter. The
host adapters would have cables that go out to your test bench where you would
provide the drive and an external power supply for the drives. Thunderbolt 2
expansion systems work in Linux by default. Thunderbolt 3 expansion systems
need to be enabled in the kernel with boot time options before it will be
recognized by the Linux operating system. See
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.14/admin-guide/thunderbolt.html for
information about how to activate the interface.

===========================
Windows General Usage Hints
===========================
The tool will require Administrative privileges to run.
Also, verify that the tool has executable rights.

Remember that the command line arguments are cAsE SeNsiTiVe.

Save a log file by redirecting the screen output to a text file by adding space
&>test.log at the end of your command line. Choose your own file name. To
append the screen output to an existing log file use >>test.log.

To save a log and display results at the conclusion of the tests, you can use
the powershell "tee" command. Tee command writes to the STDOUT and to a file.

For example:
powershell ".\SeaChest --echoCommandLine -d PD1 --smartCheck | tee -append mySeaChestLog.txt"

Setup for Windows
-----------------
The SeaChest Utilities Setup places all of the files at "C:\Program
Files\Seagate\SeaChest" and adds an icon on the Desktop.  Clicking the icon
will open a Windows command prompt in Administrator mode at this location.
From there you will need to type the full command line for the tool and device
and options to run the test you require.  See the various SeaChest Help
documentation for descriptions and examples of the various commands.

Manual Launch for Windows
-------------------------
An individual SeaChest utility for Windows cannot be launched by just
clicking on the file name. If started that way, the SeaChest utility will
briefly show a black window box and quickly close.  That is what happens when
trying to run it from the Windows File Manager.

This is a command line tool and the requirement is to open a Command Prompt as
Administrator.  There are two easy ways to do this:
  1. Windows Accessories, right-click the Command Prompt icon and select Run as
     Administrator.
  2. Click Windows Start. In the Start Search box, type cmd, and then press
     CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER.

Then change drives or directory to where the SeaChest utility is located and
run the tool file name from there.


Windows Restrictions Over SATA Firmware Downloads
-------------------------------------------------
You should not attempt downloading firmware to a SATA disk drive in the Windows
operating system unless the drive supports the 'deferred' mode.  You define the
mode with the SeaChest command line option '--downloadMode deferred'.  If
the drive does not support deferred mode then the command will be aborted.
Windows may not be so restrictive on secondary, non-boot SATA drives or SATA
drives attached to host bus adapters (HBAs, controllers, USB, etc).

If you force a primary SATA boot drive to download firmware in Windows using a
different --downloadMode setting, then the result will likely be a BSOD (blue
screen of death) system crash.  This is because the legacy SATA firmware
download modes require the drive to spin down and then back up and the
momentary disappearance of the drive causes the operating system to crash.
Windows is actually protecting the system when it thinks the drive has stopped
responding (see wikis about Ring 0 Protection).

The 'deferred' mode does not spin down the drive.  Instead, the drive waits for
a future reboot of the system and self-activates the firmware at that time.
Other operating systems may utilize the SeaChest --activateFW command to
trigger the switch to the new firmware version.

============================
Firmware Configuration Files
============================
There are two types of SeaChest_Firmware configuration (config) files:
encrypted CFS and plain text CFG.

Seagate-prepared configuration files are encrypted and carry the file extension
CFS.  Seagate does not decrypt or disclose the contents of its CFS files.

Alternatively, you may prepare your own plain text configuration files which
must use the file extension CFG.  SeaChest_Firmware configuration files are
simple text with multiple lines. Each line defines a model and previous
firmware match up to a new firmware data file.  The structure of each line is
this:

  fullModelNumber;$FWREV$oldFwVersion;fwDataFile;(optional)$FWREV$newFwVersion

No spaces, the first $FWREV$ and all three semi-colons (;) are mandatory.

Note: The full model number is the ELECTRONIC version.  The label shows a
shorter version which may not include all of the necessary digits.  When you
run SeaChest -s or --scan the output will display the full electronic model
number.  For example the label may show ST4000DX001 but the full model is
actually ST4000DX001-1CE168.  You must use the full model numbers as given by
the --scan command.

The --scan commmand also shows the current firmware, such as CC46 or SN03 or
0002 or 0001SDM7.  There are several possible variations.  This corresponds to
the old firmware version.  You must precede the old firmware version with these
exact characters $FWREV$, like $FWREV$0001SDM7.

Seagate is the only authorized source for a firmware data file. The file name
and or other documentation should provide the new firmware version for the file.

The last section of the data line is optional, the new firmware version.  If
you include this information correctly, then SeaChest_Firmware may give a
message stating that the drive already has the new firmware.  If you omit the
new firmware details then you must still end the text string with a semi-colon
(;).

For example, this is a four-line configuration file for three different models
and three different firmware data files (not all model numbers have the longer
electronic version):

ST4000DX001-1CE168;$FWREV$CC42;BarracudaXT-CC44.LOD;$FWREV$CC44
ST4000DX001-1CE168;$FWREV$CC43;BarracudaXT-CC44.LOD;$FWREV$CC44
ST120FP0021;$FWREV$B770;SSD-B775.BIN;
ST4000NM0043;$FWREV$0004;Constellation3TB-0005.lod;$FWREV$0005

Remember, no spaces, the first $FWREV$ and all three semi-colons (;) are
mandatory.

Caution:  Firmware download configuration files assume you have knowledge about
which models are compatible with the associated firmware files.  If you are
unsure about the compatibility then you should NOT attempt to download the
firmware to the drive.  Never apply firmware to a drive unless you are certain
that the firmware data file is specifically prepared for your drive. Be very
careful using SeaChest_Firmware. Power failure during a firmware download will
cause data loss. Seagate is not responsible for lost user data.

Finally, you may optionally add a hash check calculation on the firmware data
file to the SeaChest_Firmware configuration file.  Simply, run the
--calculateFileHash option on the firmware data file.  For example, run a MD5
calculation on the file and then add "@MD5=61b33014f2d2a4f9553f6ef64fb82e31"
(substituting your calculation) immediately following the file name, before the
semi-colon (;).  For example:

ST4000DX001-1CE168;$FWREV$CC43;BarracudaXT-CC44.LOD@MD5=61b33014f2d2a4f9553f6ef64fb82e31;$FWREV$CC44

SeaChest_Firmware will compare its own MD5 calculation to the value in the
configuration file and if they do not match then the procedure will abort.  Six
types of hash calculations are supported up to SHA2_512.

=============
Sample Output
=============

SATA HDD Device Information:

Lin: sudo ./SeaChest_Basics -i -d /dev/sg1
Win: SeaChest_Basics -i -d PD1
===============================================================================
 SeaChest - Seagate drive utilities
 Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
===============================================================================
        Model Number: ST4000DX001-1CE168
        Serial Number: ZQ3034X7R
        Firmware Revision: CC44
        World Wide Name: 500Q0C5007A5FCF19
        Drive Capacity (TB/TiB): 4.00/3.64
        Native Drive Capacity (TB/TiB): 4.00/3.64
        Temperature Data:
                Current Temperature (C): 25
                Highest Temperature (C): 40
                Lowest Temperature (C): 18
        Humidity Data:
                Current Humidity (%): Not Reported
                Highest Humidity (%): Not Reported
                Lowest Humidity (%): Not Reported
        Power On Time:  4 days 1 hour
        Power On Hours: 97.00
        MaxLBA: 7814037167
        Native MaxLBA: 7814037167
        Logical Sector Size (B): 512
        Physical Sector Size (B): 4096
        Sector Alignment: 0
        Rotation Rate (RPM): 5900
        Form Factor (inch): 3.5
        Last DST information:
                Time since last DST (hours): 0.00
                DST Status/Result: 0x0
                DST Test run: 0x1
        Interface speed:
                Max Speed (Gb/s): 6.0
                Negotiated Speed (Gb/s): 6.0
        Annualized Workload Rate (TB/yr): 2.51
        Total Bytes Read (GB): 6.65
        Total Bytes Written (GB): 21.27
        Drive Reported Utilization (%): Not Reported
        Encryption Support: Not Supported
        Cache Size (MiB): 64.00
        Read Look-Ahead: Enabled
        Write Cache: Enabled
        SMART Status: Good
        ATA Security Information: Supported, Frozen
        Zoned Device Type: Not a Zoned Device
        Firmware Download Support: Immediate, Segmented
        Specifications Supported:
                ACS-2
                ATA8-ACS
                ATA/ATAPI-7
                ATA/ATAPI-6
                ATA/ATAPI-5
                ATA/ATAPI-4
                SATA 3.1
                SATA 3.0
                SATA 2.6
                SATA 2.5
                SATA II: Extensions
                SATA 1.0a
        Features Supported:
                NCQ
                HPA
                Power Management
                Security
                SMART
                DCO
                48bit Address
                APM
                GPL
                Free-fall Control
                Write-Read-Verify

SATA SSD Device Information:

Lin: sudo ./SeaChest_Basics -i -d /dev/sg1
Win: SeaChest_Basics -i -d PD1
===============================================================================
 SeaChest - Seagate drive utilities
 Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
===============================================================================
        Model Number: ST120FP0021
        Serial Number: PQ57011BD
        Firmware Revision: B770
        World Wide Name: 5000C501005A16633
        Drive Capacity (GB/GiB): 120.03/111.79
        Native Drive Capacity (GB/GiB): 120.03/111.79
        Temperature Data:
                Current Temperature (C): 26
                Highest Temperature (C): 0
                Lowest Temperature (C): 17
        Humidity Data:
                Current Humidity (%): Not Reported
                Highest Humidity (%): Not Reported
                Lowest Humidity (%): Not Reported
        Power On Time:  2 days 23 hours
        Power On Hours: 71.00
        MaxLBA: 234441647
        Native MaxLBA: 234441647
        Logical Sector Size (B): 512
        Physical Sector Size (B): 4096
        Sector Alignment: 0
        Rotation Rate (RPM): SSD
        Form Factor (inch): 2.5
        Last DST information:
                Not supported
        Interface speed:
                Max Speed (Gb/s): 6.0
                Negotiated Speed (Gb/s): 3.0
        Annualized Workload Rate (TB/yr): 299.80
        Total Bytes Read (TB): 2.35
        Total Bytes Written (GB): 90.19
        Drive Reported Utilization (%): Not Reported
        Encryption Support: Not Supported
        Cache Size (MiB): Not Reported
        Percentage Used Endurance Indicator (%): 0.00000
        Read Look-Ahead: Enabled
        Write Cache: Enabled
        SMART Status: Good
        ATA Security Information: Supported, Frozen
        Zoned Device Type: Not a Zoned Device
        Firmware Download Support: Immediate, Segmented
        Specifications Supported:
                ATA8-ACS
                ATA/ATAPI-7
                ATA/ATAPI-6
                ATA/ATAPI-5
                ATA/ATAPI-4
                SATA 3.0
        Features Supported:
                Sanitize
                NCQ
                HPA
                Power Management
                Security
                SMART
                48bit Address
                GPL
                TRIM

SAS HDD Device Information:

Lin: sudo ./SeaChest_Basics -i -d /dev/sg1
Win: SeaChest_Basics -i -d PD1
===============================================================================
 SeaChest - Seagate drive utilities
 Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
===============================================================================
        Model Number: ST4000NM0043
        Serial Number: Z1QZ04KVG
        Firmware Revision: 0004
        World Wide Name: 500Q0C5005594AEFB
        Copyright: Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Seagate All rights reserved
        Drive Capacity (TB/TiB): 4.00/3.64
        Temperature Data:
                Current Temperature (C): 28
                Highest Temperature (C): Not Reported
                Lowest Temperature (C): Not Reported
        Humidity Data:
                Current Humidity (%): Not Reported
                Highest Humidity (%): Not Reported
                Lowest Humidity (%): Not Reported
        Power On Time:  61 days 11 hours 14 minutes
        Power On Hours: 1475.23
        MaxLBA: 7814037167
        Native MaxLBA: Not Reported
        Logical Sector Size (B): 512
        Physical Sector Size (B): 512
        Sector Alignment: 0
        Rotation Rate (RPM): 7200
        Form Factor (inch): 3.5
        Last DST information:
                Time since last DST (hours): 548.23
                DST Status/Result: 0x0
                DST Test run: 0x1
        Interface speed:
                Port 0 (Current Port)
                        Max Speed (GB/s): 6.0
                        Negotiated Speed (Gb/s): 3.0
                Port 1
                        Max Speed (GB/s): 6.0
                        Negotiated Speed (Gb/s): Not Reported
        Annualized Workload Rate (TB/yr): 0.02
        Total Bytes Read (GB): 2.27
        Total Bytes Written (GB): 2.39
        Drive Reported Utilization (%): Not Reported
        Encryption Support: Self Encrypting
        Cache Size (MiB): Not Reported
        Read Look-Ahead: Enabled
        Write Cache: Enabled
        SMART Status: Good
        ATA Security Information: Not Supported
        Zoned Device Type: Not a Zoned Device
        Firmware Download Support: Immediate
        Specifications Supported:
                SPC-4
        Features Supported:
                EPC
                TCG
                Self Test
                Informational Exceptions
                Format Unit
                Sanitize

SAS SSD: Device Information

Lin: sudo ./SeaChest_Basics -i -d /dev/sg1
Win: SeaChest_Basics -i -d PD1
===============================================================================
 SeaChest - Seagate drive utilities
 Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
===============================================================================
        Model Number: ST400FM0053
        Serial Number: P3QF13026
        Firmware Revision: 0006
        World Wide Name: 5000QC50069010B4B
        Copyright: Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Seagate All rights reserved -
        Drive Capacity (GB/GiB): 400.09/372.61
        Temperature Data:
                Current Temperature (C): 34
                Highest Temperature (C): Not Reported
                Lowest Temperature (C): Not Reported
        Humidity Data:
                Current Humidity (%): Not Reported
                Highest Humidity (%): Not Reported
                Lowest Humidity (%): Not Reported
        Power On Time:  30 days 21 hours 29 minutes
        Power On Hours: 741.48
        MaxLBA: 781422767
        Native MaxLBA: Not Reported
        Logical Sector Size (B): 512
        Physical Sector Size (B): 4096
        Sector Alignment: 0
        Rotation Rate (RPM): SSD
        Form Factor (inch): 2.5
        Last DST information:
                Time since last DST (hours): 434.48
                DST Status/Result: 0x0
                DST Test run: 0x1
        Interface speed:
                Port 0 (Current Port)
                        Max Speed (GB/s): 12.0
                        Negotiated Speed (Gb/s): 3.0
                Port 1
                        Max Speed (GB/s): 12.0
                        Negotiated Speed (Gb/s): Not Reported
        Annualized Workload Rate (TB/yr): 9.48
        Total Bytes Read (GB): 24.62
        Total Bytes Written (GB): 837.41
        Drive Reported Utilization (%): Not Reported
        Encryption Support: Not Supported
        Cache Size (MiB): Not Reported
        Percentage Used Endurance Indicator (%): 1.00000
        Read Look-Ahead: Enabled
        Write Cache: Enabled
        SMART Status: Good
        ATA Security Information: Not Supported
        Zoned Device Type: Not a Zoned Device
        Firmware Download Support: Immediate, Segmented, Deferred
        Specifications Supported:
                SPC-4
        Features Supported:
                EPC
                Power Comsumption
                UNMAP
                Self Test
                Informational Exceptions
                Format Unit
                Sanitize

SATA SSD SMART Attributes example.

The drive will display its list of supported SMART attributes. Some attributes
are industry standard and most others are vendor unique. Most attributes are
informational and not used to determine a warranty return. Use the --smartCheck
command to determine if one of the warranty attributes has been tripped.

Reminder: Seagate Support does not help to analyze SMART attributes.

Lin: sudo ./SeaChest_Basics -d /dev/sg1 --smartAttributes
Win: SeaChest_Basics -d PD1 --smartAttributes
===============================================================================
 SeaChest - Seagate drive utilities
 Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
===============================================================================
Attribute Name:                   Status: Nominal: Worst:     Raw (hex):
  1 Read Error Rate               0x000F    0x75    0x63      0x0000000969AFB4
  3 Spin Up Time                  0x0003    0x61    0x61      0x00000000000000
  4 Start/Stop Count              0x0032    0x63    0x63      0x0000000000079E
  5 Retired Sectors Count         0x0033    0x64    0x64      0x00000000000000
  7 Seek Error Rate               0x000F    0x52    0x3C      0x0000000A4D0DAA
  9 Power On Hours                0x0032    0x5D    0x5D      0x00000000001A84
 10 Spin Retry Count              0x0013    0x64    0x64      0x00000000000000
 12 Drive Power Cycle Count       0x0032    0x63    0x63      0x000000000007A5
184 IOEDC Count                   0x0032    0x55    0x55      0x0000000000000F
187 Reported Un-correctable       0x0032    0x64    0x64      0x00000000000000
188 Command Timeout               0x0032    0x64    0xFD      0x00000000000000
189 High Fly Writes               0x003A    0x64    0x64      0x00000000000000
190 Airflow Temperature           0x0022    0x40    0x2E      0x00000026110024
191 Shock Sensor Counter          0x0032    0x64    0x64      0x00000000000000
192 Emergency Retract Count       0x0032    0x64    0x64      0x00000000000042
193 Load-Unlock Count             0x0032    0x44    0x44      0x0000000000FA61
194 Temperature                   0x0022    0x24    0x36      0x00000A00000024
195 ECC On The Fly Count          0x001A    0x2D    0x29      0x0000000969AFB4
197 Pending-Sparing Count         0x0012    0x64    0x64      0x00000000000000
198 Offline Uncorrectable Sectors 0x0010    0x64    0x64      0x00000000000000
199 Ultra DMA CRC Error           0x003E    0xC8    0xC8      0x00000000000000


===============
Version History - SeaChest_Firmware
===============
v0.0.1  22-Mar-2016  1_9_1 libraries.  SeaChest_Firmware Windows, initial beta
                     test release.  Branched from SeaChest_Basics v1.1.0.  Adds
                     firmware download batch modes by model number and various
                     firmware revision checks.
v0.0.2  19-May-2016  1_9_2 libraries fixed scan information from ATAPI devices.
                     Fixed a bug where we could accidentally clear some stored
                     identify data from the device structure. Fixed continuing
                     on when there was a permission denied error opening a
                     drive.
v1.0.0  15-Jun-2016  1_9_3 libraries fixed issues with ATA secure erase
                     commands. Fixed bugs with --modelMatch and --onlyFW
                     filters.
v1.1.0  06-Jul-2016  1_10_0 libraries add --forceATA and --forceSCSI.
v1.1.0  14-Jul-2016  1_10_1 libraries adds SMART and power management
                     functions, format polling, endianess detection, buffer
                     size fixes, SAS device statistics, Win32 IOCTL
                     pass-through fix on Win8 and higher.
v2.0.3  16-Aug-2016  Adds --fwdlInfo, --activateFW, --fwdlConfig and
                     --fwdlSegSize.  Add user defined configuration
                     files.
v2.0.4  23-Aug-2016  Adds --calculateFileHash.
v2.1.0  01-Sep-2016  1_11_1 libraries updates to various printed message,
                     minor bug fixes. Fixed --SATInfo command. After firmware
                     download messages improved. Logic to exclude using both
                     --fwdlConfig and --downloadFW at the same time.
v2.1.0  21-Sep-2016  1_11_2 libraries updates adds --forceATADMA, --forceATAPIO
                     and --forceATAUDMA  (SATA Only).
v2.2.0  10-Oct-2016  1_11_4 libraries updates. Support for multiple devices.
v2.2.0  25-Oct-2016  1_11_5 libraries updates improved LaCie  detection, adds
                     SAT Vendor ID, SAT Product ID, and SAT Product Revision to
                     the -i --SATInfo output.
v2.2.2  27-Oct-2016  1_11_6 libraries updates WWN detection.  Added
                     --enableLegacyUSBPassthrough
v2.2.2  03-Nov-2016  1_11_7 libraries fixed issue with SAS EPC power mode
                     settings.
v2.2.2  13-Dec-2016  1_11_10 libraries fixes a problem when using maxLBA without
                     the corresponding command range option, SAS power mode
                     setting, and Sanitize erase patterns.
v2.3.0  23-Feb-2017  1_13_0 libraries adds support for SAS 12.0Gb/s and
                     22.5Gb/s physical bus speeds, support for double buffered
                     passthrough IOCTLs. Add --fwdlDryRun. New -F, --scanFlags
                     [options: ignoreCSMI allowDuplicates] for Windows tools.
                     Add CSMI support to all Windows version tools.
v2.3.0  06-Mar-2017  1_13_2 libraries adds Enhanced device information output
                     for SAS features.
v2.3.2  09-Mar-2017  Fixes to config file processing.
v2.3.3  12-Apr-2017  1_13_4 libraries. Fixes issue where tool was not
                     defaulting to segmented download if not specified.  Adds
                     several new return exit codes to help manage scripts using
                     configuration files.
v2.3.4  10-May-2017  1_13_4 libraries. Fixes issue where where --fwdlInfo
                     command was sometimes missing segmented on SAS products.
v2.4.0  14-Jun-2017  1_15_0 libraries adds bug fix malformed command line
                     should exit with code = 1; added detection of parallel ATA
                     and SCSI speeds; temperature data on ATA now uses the
                     values from the SCT status log or device statistics log.
                     Bug fix where the "-d all" was not filtering out csmi
                     drives like it is supposed to causing duplicate drives to
                     show up.  Adds the child drive matching options
                     --childModelMatch, --childOnlyFW, and --childNewFW.
v2.5.0  14-Jul-2017  1_16_1 libraries adds support for ATA drives that have the
                     Sense Data Reporting feature enabled, changes to how we
                     interpret the completion status from the drive, new Sense
                     Data ASC, ASCQ definitions from SPC5. Adds --Scan (or -S,
                     note the capital S) aggressive system scan.
v2.5.0  27-Jul-2017  1_16_2 libraries enhances Seagate brand detection.
v2.5.0  19-Sep-2017  1_16_4 libraries fixes SCSI "--progress format", added
                     reading remanufacture time for SAS when the drive reports
                     a time, fixed SAS --abortDST.
v2.5.0  25-Sep-2017  1_17_0 libraries adds improved SATA device discovery on
                     SAS adapters, added NVMe read, write & Flush commands.
v2.5.1  10-Oct-2017  1_17_1 libraries adds Better handling of NVMe as a SCSI
                     device, SAT library strings, and fixes to Read-Buffer
                     error history (ISL). Updated copyright notice, invalid
                     command line options now only display an error instead of
                     long help. Added option to specify a buffer ID or FW slot,
                     file name added to the output of --showFileHash. Added
                     --firmwareSlot and --fwBufferID.
v2.5.1  12-Oct-2017  1_17_3 libraries improves Fast-Format compatibility on SAS.
v2.5.2  26-Oct-2017  1_17_5 libraries fixes SATA drive discovery behind HBAs
                     that don't show as SATA and don't support the SAT VPD
                     page; added Automatic fallback to 12byte CDBs during
                     initial device discovery;  integrated fixes for SAS
                     firmware download and fixes for SAS LongDST time
                     calculation; added detection of TCG Pyrite and Opalite
                     drives.
v2.5.2  31-Oct-2017  1_17_6 libraries adds ATA Security compatibility with SATL
                     on some LSI adapters, corrects firmware download issue
                     under Windows 10 API.
v2.5.2  02-Nov-2017  1_17_7 libraries fixes Long DST time on SCSI/SAS products.
v2.5.2  19-Apr-2018  1_18_0 libraries improves device detection of CD-ROM and
                     USB flash drives, support for early 90's PATA drives that
                     don't support LBA mode, bug fix where the last digit of
                     the SCSI Unit Serial Number was being dropped, additional
                     logic for deferred download completion status. --scan
                     --onlySeagate for just Seagate drives in a large system,
                     Long Drive Self Test Time in the -i output, write protect
                     status has been added for SCSI and NVMe in the -i output,
                     IDD enhancements for SAS, IDD enhancements to allow
                     captive mode on SATA, added USB Hacks to better support
                     some odd-ball USB devices and prevent crashes and improve
                     performance for some operations on them by issuing test
                     unit ready commands when something fails during device
                     discovery, automatic fall back to SAT 10 byte commands
                     during device discovery to help work with some USB
                     devices, some Legacy SCSI support enhancements (partially
                     from USB hacks development), enhanced SD to SG mapping in
                     Linux.
v2.5.4  21-Sep-2018  1_18_2 libraries Added in reading os-release PRETTY_NAME
                     field to get the OS name under linux; NVMe enabled;  fixed
                     a bug in the ATA activate FW command; added in reading ID
                     Data log and Device statistics logs page 0 to check the
                     list of supported pages; fixed a bug in the loop used to
                     read mode pages for -i information on SAS; IDD SAS
                     improvements; fixed a bug in DST & Clean with ATA drives
                     behind SCSI controllers. Fix for --modelMatch that have
                     spaces in the name. Added additional information to the
                     banner and -V data to show support levels. Add general
                     support for NVMe and NVMe specific identify data to "-i"
                     command. Add --allowFlexibleFWDLAPIUse.
v2.5.4  18-Oct-2018  1_18_3 libraries Added NVMe generic read command support.
v2.7.0  03-May-2019  1_19_18 libraries added per device verbosity, --deviceInfo
                     adds SAS (not SATA) FastFormat for Features Supported
                     section,  --deviceInfo now gives Low Current Spinup
                     status. Adds --forceFWDLPassthrough and --swtchFW.
v2.7.0  10-Jun-2019  1_19_23 libraries added SNTL (SCSI to NVMe translator),
                     updated software SAT translator to use dataset management
                     XL command, fixes for issuing vendor unique commands under
                     Windows, improved fast format support detection, and
                     refactored verbose output for NVMe commands.
v2.8.1 19-Feb-2020   1_21_30 libraries add in check for Elevated Privileges
                     (sudo, run as administrator) before trying to talk to
                     devices, new exit code 9 if privileges are missing;
                     printing the USB VID/PID in the device info; fix to sg
                     helper to support large systems; many changes in support
                     of dual actuators (example: warning that EPC settings
                     affect multiple LUNs); overhaul to USB device detection
                     and support, incorporating a new USB hacks and workarounds
                     approach which uses a lookup table listing various USB
                     bridge VIDs/PIDs and their specific issues; separate
                     Seagate SAS SN and PCBA SN.
v2.8.2  13-Apr-2020  1_21_30 libraries, fix memory allocation during the scan
                     command.
v3.0.0  20-Nov-2020  Changed how scan-flags are parsed. CSMI rewrite and initial
                     Intel RST NVMe support added. Numerous code quality improvements
                     which fixed many potential bugs and memory leaks. Improved
                     support for openfabrics NVMe drivers. Changed permissions
                     detection to show warnings rather than errors. Removed obsolete
                     CSMI and SAT 12B CDB options. CSMI handles now show as csmi:?:?:?
v3.1.0  16-Jun-2021  Pulled in FWDL change for making the ignore final segment
                     a standalone option: --fwdlIgnoreFinalSegment
                     This is only needed when updating specific legacy products
                     to new firmware.
                     Minor USB compatibility improvements and more products added
                     to the list with their specific workarounds.
                     Updated NVMe compatibility for FreeBSD 11.
                     Support for detection and showing of concurrent positioning 
                     (new multi-actuator support from the standards).
v3.4.0  28-Feb-2023  Includes new --noBanner option and new fast discovery option
                     that can be used in situations where super critical performance
                     is required at a loss of information about a drive's capabilities.
                     Help now has many more examples of the options in the tool.
                     Fixed a few bugs in scan and device discovery that could cause
                     a crash or the tool to list no devices found.
                     Added option to dump low-level info to assist with debugging.
                     Added date of manufacture info to the -i output when available.
                     Fixed some big endian compatibility issues discovered on AIX.
                     Automatic firmware update mode implemented for a better user 
                     experience. This will do deferred download + activate for the best
                     experience if a product supports this option, otherwise it will
                     use segmented download. Also includes some options to override 
                     the default nvme firmware update behavior as needed in special
                     circumstances.
v3.4.0  27-Mar-2023  opensea-operations library updated to add automatic retry to
                     the automatic firmware update mode in some scenarios to workaround
                     a drive bug.
                     opensea-transport updated to fix CSMI scan duplicating devices 
                     found in certain scenarios.
v4.0.0  01-Dec-2023  Updated to newer opensea-libs to pull in low-level fixes.
                     Fixed compatibility issue with PMC 8070 by using segmented
                     download instead of deferred download by default.
                     New config file that uses json instead of old proprietary config
                     file.
                     Stopped reading /etc/passwd file to show username in banner.
                     Banner will now show either "admin"/"root" or "current user".
                     Improved parsing of linux distro/release information from
                     /etc/os-release file.
                     Fixed a bug in byte swap string used to get ATA MN, SN, FW.
                     Fixed a bug in getting/reporting power on hours as years, 
                     days, hours, etc where days was being truncated.
                     Fixed error reading NVMe features in Windows for drive info.
                     Fixed SAS Date of manufacture in drive info.
                     Added detection of HPA security feature.
                     Added more SMART attributes definitions for Seagate HDDs & SSDs,
                     and more definitions for Maxtor HDDs.
                     Improved temperature detection from older HDDs with only
                     SMART attribute 194 reporting current temperature.
                     Added separate warning for SMART attributes below threshold that
                     are not considered prefail/warranty attributes (aka failures).
                     Fixed output of Seagate Airflow temperature SMART attribute.
                     Added showing new capacity after changing Max LBA.
                     Fixed possible segmentation fault when reading /etc/mtab in Linux.
                     Workaround for some SAS drives on some HBAs reporting incorrect
                     response to SAT A1h CDB.
                     Fixed a bug in FreeBSD causing non-data ATA commands to report
                     all zeroes instead of expected output in RTFRs.
v4.2.0  28-Aug-2024  Pull in security updates and low-level bug fixes from opensea-libs.
                     CISS RAID device support for Linux (CCISS, HPSA, and SmartPQI drivers)
                     Fix crash when old .cfs file is provided when json is expected.
                     All config files and firmware files must now be loaded from secured directories.
                     Secured directories are owned by the user or root and do not allow writing to other users/groups.
                     Fixed incorrect parameter for activate option. Backwards compatibility in 
                     the API was able to catch this without causing an error.
                     Added show SCSI FW info option which is based on Seagate's public
                     SCSI commands reference manual and show more fields unique to Seagate firmware.
v4.3.0  28-May-2025  Added support for low-level SCSI rescan in Linux when passing aggressive scan flag -S.
                     Refactor reading SCSI capacity code which may reduce total commands issued.
                     Refactored looking up supported SCSI commands with Report Supported operations codes and
                     legacy CmdDT bit in Inquiry which reduces total commands issued.
                     Source code level support for OpenBSD, NetBSD, and DragonflyBSD now available.
                     More source code hardening implemented with new bounds checking functions from
                     opensea-common library (behave similar to Annex K in C11).
                     Fixed a bug in reading device information (-i) on USB devices causing the information to be
                     incomplete.
                     Fixed big endian system support for all devices, but especially for NVMe.
                     Fixed looking up SD to SG device handles in Linux.
                     Added new exit codes for Device Not Found when opening the handle and Device Busy when
                     attempting to open a handle.
                     Enhanced file security API to display recommended actions to modify directories to be 
                     compatible with security requirements when reading or writing a file.
                     Fixed a crash when reading/writing files located at / in unix-like systems.
                     Fixed exit code when -d all or --modelMatch are used but all devices are skipped so that 
                     the exit code is not set to 0 (success) when all the devices were skipped.
v4.3.2  07-Jul-2025  Fixed a bug with scan not showing any output in specific circumstances where number of successfully
                     enumerated devices is equivalent to the number of unsuccessfully enumerated devices.
                     Added new exit code for when paths are detected as insecure to be resolved by the user before
                     files will be accessed in these directories (see https://github.com/Seagate/openSeaChest/wiki/Secure-File-And-Path).
                     Fixed a check for reading correct mode page which may cause changing some SAS features to fail.
                     Fixed incorrect protocol specified in ATA download microcode passthrough command. This causes firmware updates
                     to hang when the device does not support the download DMA command.
                     Fixed NVMe firmware update in Windows 11 23H2 and 24H2.
                     Disabled extra CSMI related device scan in Windows that can cause a hang on some chipsets.
                     Added some more legacy USB devices to list of known devices to support these better when they are used.
v4.3.3  06-Oct-2025  Fixed mismatch of GNU/clang access attribute description and how the code was actually written in many
                     parts of the low-level library code. Also added const to many objects to make intention more clear and
                     reduce the chance of accidental modification to memory intended to be used in a read-only way. No known
                     bugs from this, but may affect some optimizations in the code.
                     Fixed compatibility with some newer C23 capable compilers.
                     Fixed incorrect pointer check in TRIM function causing a failure when trying to use this option with valid
                     inputs.
                     Fixed incorrect lookup for supported read defect data command in SCSI Defect list code.
                     Added automatic selection of firmware download transfer size based on drive reported information for all
                     interfaces (min/max/granularity, etc).
                     Fixed out of bounds access when generating FARM combined log (was adding NULL terminator one past end of memory).
                     Removed use of os_Update_File_System_Cache from situations where the drive may not be in a good state (still sanitizing,
                     or after a sector size change) to minimize possible system interaction issues which may disconnect the device from the
                     system.
                     Fixed read/write logic on some USB devices which reported an ATA maxlba of 0.
                     Added tracking lock/unlock requests to a tDevice to keep things in sync better between operations.
                     Refactor SCSI device read/write logic on how commands are selected and issued (10B vs 16B)
                     Removed automatic ATA passthrough reads/writes due to other side affects this created on some devices.
                     Fixed a crash on NVMe devices in Windows when using the openfabrics NVMe driver.
=======================================
About SeaChest Command Line Diagnostics
=======================================
Seagate offers both graphical user interface (GUI) and command line interface
(CLI) diagnostic tools for our storage devices.  SeaTools for Windows and
SeaTools Bootable for end users are the two most popular GUI tools.  These
tools support 15 languages.

SeaChest diagnostics are command line utilities which are available for expert
users.  These command line tools assume the user is knowledgeable about running
software from the operating system command prompt.  CLI tools are in the
English language only and use "command line arguments" to define the various
tasks and specific devices.  SeaChest diagnostics are available for both Linux
and Windows environments.

Linux versions of SeaChest tools are available as stand alone 32 or 64-bit
executables you can copy to your own system.  Windows OS versions of SeaChest
diagnostics are installed through a typical setup wizard and can be removed via
the Control Panel.

In addition, Seagate offers a tool to build a bootable USB SeaChest flash drive
which boots to a 64-bit Linux command prompt.  This is a Windows executable
file which formats a USB Flash drive you provide.  It copies over all the files
needed to use it as a bootable device for the SeaChest diagnostic software.
All data on the USB Flash drive will be erased so be sure to protect any
valuable files.

Technical Support for SeaChest drive utilities is not available.  If you have
the time to send us some feedback about this software, especially if you notice
something we should fix or improve, we would greatly appreciate hearing from
you.  To report your comments and suggestions, please use this email
seaboard@seagate.com.  Please let us know the name and version of the tool you
are using.

SeaChest drive utilities support SATA, SAS and USB interface devices.

SeaChest Basics - Contains the most important tests and tools.

Other SeaChest "break out" utilities are available and listed below which offer
more in-depth functionality in specific areas. These are:

SeaChest Configure - Tools to control various settings on the drives are
brought together into this one tool.  Typical commands, for example, include
Write Cache and Read Lookahead Cache enable or disable.

SeaChest Erase - The focus is on data erasure.  There are many different
choices for erasing data from simple boot track erase to full cryptographic
erasure (when supported).  Be sure to back up important data before using this
tool.  Seagate is not responsible for lost user data.  This tool only works on
Seagate drives.

SeaChest Firmware - Seagate products are run by firmware.  Having the latest
firmware can improve performance and or reliability of your product.  Seagate
recommends applying new firmware to enhance the performance and or reliability
of your drive.  Most products may see one or two firmware updates within the
early life of the product.

SeaChest Format - Storage products which utilize the SAS, SCSI or Fibre
Channel interfaces are able to perform a full low-level media format in the
field.  The SCSI Format Unit command offers many specialty options to
accommodate a variety of conditions and to fine tune the procedure. This tool
also support NVMe format and SATA sector size changes a.k.a. Fast Format. 
Also in this tool is the ability to depopulate a head from use as it wears out
so that the device can continue being used at a reduced capacity until completely
worn out. These complex commands deserve their own "break out" utility.

SeaChest GenericTests - Read Tests are the original disk drive diagnostic which
is to just read every sector on the drive, sequentially.  This tool offers
several common read tests which can be defined by either time or range.  In
addition, the Long Generic test has the ability to repair problem sectors,
possibly eliminating an unnecessary drive return.

SeaChest Info - Historical generic activity logs (like total bytes written and
power on hours) and performance logs (like temperature) are available for
analytical review.  Identification and inquiry data stored on the drive is also
provided.  A view of SMART and device statistics is available when supported by
the drive.

SeaChest NVMe - contains some options specific to NVMe devices. This tool started
as a test tool and many options are present in other SeaChest utilities now.

SeaChest PowerControl - Seagate disk drives offer a multitude of options to
manage power.  This tool manipulates the various power modes.

SeaChest Security - Various settings are available on modern Seagate disk
drives which may be locked and unlocked.  These settings may interact with the
operating systems and systems BIOS.  Options also include cryptographic erase
for Self-Encrypting Drives (SED).

SeaChest SMART - This tool provides a closer look at the collected SMART
attributes data.  SMART stands for Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting
Technology.  Short Drive Self Test is included as one of the standard SMART
commands. In addition, the DST & Clean test has the ability to repair problem
sectors, possibly eliminating an unnecessary drive return.

=================================
Support and Open Source Statement
=================================
Seagate offers technical support for disk drive installation.  If you have any
questions related to Seagate products and technologies, feel free to submit
your request on our web site. See the web site for a list of world-wide
telephone numbers.

Seagate Support:
http://www.seagate.com/support-home/
Contact Us:
http://www.seagate.com/contacts/

This software uses open source packages obtained with permission from the
relevant parties. For a complete list of open source components, sources and
licenses, please see our Linux USB Boot Maker Utility FAQ for additional
information.

SeaChest Utilities use libraries from the opensea source code projects.  These
projects are maintained at http://github.com/seagate.
The libraries in use are opensea-common, opensea-transport and
opensea-operations. These libraries are available under the Mozilla Public
License 2.0, license shown below.

The newest online version of the SeaChest Utilities documentation, open source
usage and acknowledgement licenses can be found at:
http://support.seagate.com/seachest/SeaChest_Combo_UserGuides.html

The USB Boot Maker Utility for Windows utilizes the NSIS Installer 
v2.46.5-Unicode (http://nsis.sourceforge.net).

All Linux versions of the SeaChest Utilities are compiled using GCC, the GNU 
Compiler Collection, license shown below.

All Windows versions of the SeaChest Utilities uses an open source project 
named wingetopt, license shown below.

SeaChest_Firmware uses two open source projects named mbedtls and zlib.h, 
licenses shown below.

Copyright (c) 2014-2025 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
======================================================================

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			    FOR SEAGATE SOFTWARE


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5.4.2016

===========================================================================
Various Open Source Licenses

GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

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===========================================================================

SeaChest tools for Windows utilize wingetopt
(https://github.com/alex85k/wingetopt).

getopt library for Windows compilers

This library was created to allow compilation linux-based software on Windows.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getopt

The sources were taken from MinGW-runtime project.

AUTHORS:

Todd C. Miller Todd.Miller@courtesan.com
The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
LICENSE

Copyright (c) 2002 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose
with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
and this permission notice appear in all copies.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.
Copyright (c) 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
All rights reserved.

This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation by
Dieter Baron and Thomas Klausner.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

======================================================================

SOURCE CODE files of the opensea open source project have been made available
to you under the Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL).  Mozilla is the custodian of
the Mozilla Public License ("MPL"), an open source/free software license.

https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/

Mozilla Public License Version 2.0
==================================

1. Definitions
--------------

1.1. "Contributor"
    means each individual or legal entity that creates, contributes to
    the creation of, or owns Covered Software.

1.2. "Contributor Version"
    means the combination of the Contributions of others (if any) used
    by a Contributor and that particular Contributor's Contribution.

1.3. "Contribution"
    means Covered Software of a particular Contributor.

1.4. "Covered Software"
    means Source Code Form to which the initial Contributor has attached
    the notice in Exhibit A, the Executable Form of such Source Code
    Form, and Modifications of such Source Code Form, in each case
    including portions thereof.

1.5. "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses"
    means

    (a) that the initial Contributor has attached the notice described
        in Exhibit B to the Covered Software; or

    (b) that the Covered Software was made available under the terms of
        version 1.1 or earlier of the License, but not also under the
        terms of a Secondary License.

1.6. "Executable Form"
    means any form of the work other than Source Code Form.

1.7. "Larger Work"
    means a work that combines Covered Software with other material, in
    a separate file or files, that is not Covered Software.

1.8. "License"
    means this document.

1.9. "Licensable"
    means having the right to grant, to the maximum extent possible,
    whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently, any and
    all of the rights conveyed by this License.

1.10. "Modifications"
    means any of the following:

    (a) any file in Source Code Form that results from an addition to,
        deletion from, or modification of the contents of Covered
        Software; or

    (b) any new file in Source Code Form that contains any Covered
        Software.

1.11. "Patent Claims" of a Contributor
    means any patent claim(s), including without limitation, method,
    process, and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by such
    Contributor that would be infringed, but for the grant of the
    License, by the making, using, selling, offering for sale, having
    made, import, or transfer of either its Contributions or its
    Contributor Version.

1.12. "Secondary License"
    means either the GNU General Public License, Version 2.0, the GNU
    Lesser General Public License, Version 2.1, the GNU Affero General
    Public License, Version 3.0, or any later versions of those
    licenses.

1.13. "Source Code Form"
    means the form of the work preferred for making modifications.

1.14. "You" (or "Your")
    means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under this
    License. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity that
    controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with You. For
    purposes of this definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct
    or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity,
    whether by contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than
    fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares or beneficial
    ownership of such entity.

2. License Grants and Conditions
--------------------------------

2.1. Grants

Each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free,
non-exclusive license:

(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark)
    Licensable by such Contributor to use, reproduce, make available,
    modify, display, perform, distribute, and otherwise exploit its
    Contributions, either on an unmodified basis, with Modifications, or
    as part of a Larger Work; and

(b) under Patent Claims of such Contributor to make, use, sell, offer
    for sale, have made, import, and otherwise transfer either its
    Contributions or its Contributor Version.

2.2. Effective Date

The licenses granted in Section 2.1 with respect to any Contribution
become effective for each Contribution on the date the Contributor first
distributes such Contribution.

2.3. Limitations on Grant Scope

The licenses granted in this Section 2 are the only rights granted under
this License. No additional rights or licenses will be implied from the
distribution or licensing of Covered Software under this License.
Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is granted by a
Contributor:

(a) for any code that a Contributor has removed from Covered Software;
    or

(b) for infringements caused by: (i) Your and any other third party's
    modifications of Covered Software, or (ii) the combination of its
    Contributions with other software (except as part of its Contributor
    Version); or

(c) under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Software in the absence of
    its Contributions.

This License does not grant any rights in the trademarks, service marks,
or logos of any Contributor (except as may be necessary to comply with
the notice requirements in Section 3.4).

2.4. Subsequent Licenses

No Contributor makes additional grants as a result of Your choice to
distribute the Covered Software under a subsequent version of this
License (see Section 10.2) or under the terms of a Secondary License (if
permitted under the terms of Section 3.3).

2.5. Representation

Each Contributor represents that the Contributor believes its
Contributions are its original creation(s) or it has sufficient rights
to grant the rights to its Contributions conveyed by this License.

2.6. Fair Use

This License is not intended to limit any rights You have under
applicable copyright doctrines of fair use, fair dealing, or other
equivalents.

2.7. Conditions

Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 are conditions of the licenses granted
in Section 2.1.

3. Responsibilities
-------------------

3.1. Distribution of Source Form

All distribution of Covered Software in Source Code Form, including any
Modifications that You create or to which You contribute, must be under
the terms of this License. You must inform recipients that the Source
Code Form of the Covered Software is governed by the terms of this
License, and how they can obtain a copy of this License. You may not
attempt to alter or restrict the recipients' rights in the Source Code
Form.

3.2. Distribution of Executable Form

If You distribute Covered Software in Executable Form then:

(a) such Covered Software must also be made available in Source Code
    Form, as described in Section 3.1, and You must inform recipients of
    the Executable Form how they can obtain a copy of such Source Code
    Form by reasonable means in a timely manner, at a charge no more
    than the cost of distribution to the recipient; and

(b) You may distribute such Executable Form under the terms of this
    License, or sublicense it under different terms, provided that the
    license for the Executable Form does not attempt to limit or alter
    the recipients' rights in the Source Code Form under this License.

3.3. Distribution of a Larger Work

You may create and distribute a Larger Work under terms of Your choice,
provided that You also comply with the requirements of this License for
the Covered Software. If the Larger Work is a combination of Covered
Software with a work governed by one or more Secondary Licenses, and the
Covered Software is not Incompatible With Secondary Licenses, this
License permits You to additionally distribute such Covered Software
under the terms of such Secondary License(s), so that the recipient of
the Larger Work may, at their option, further distribute the Covered
Software under the terms of either this License or such Secondary
License(s).

3.4. Notices

You may not remove or alter the substance of any license notices
(including copyright notices, patent notices, disclaimers of warranty,
or limitations of liability) contained within the Source Code Form of
the Covered Software, except that You may alter any license notices to
the extent required to remedy known factual inaccuracies.

3.5. Application of Additional Terms

You may choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support,
indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered
Software. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on
behalf of any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear that any
such warranty, support, indemnity, or liability obligation is offered by
You alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify every Contributor for any
liability incurred by such Contributor as a result of warranty, support,
indemnity or liability terms You offer. You may include additional
disclaimers of warranty and limitations of liability specific to any
jurisdiction.

4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation
---------------------------------------------------

If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this
License with respect to some or all of the Covered Software due to
statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with
the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible; and (b)
describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such description must
be placed in a text file included with all distributions of the Covered
Software under this License. Except to the extent prohibited by statute
or regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed for a
recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it.

5. Termination
--------------

5.1. The rights granted under this License will terminate automatically
if You fail to comply with any of its terms. However, if You become
compliant, then the rights granted under this License from a particular
Contributor are reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until such
Contributor explicitly and finally terminates Your grants, and (b) on an
ongoing basis, if such Contributor fails to notify You of the
non-compliance by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after You have
come back into compliance. Moreover, Your grants from a particular
Contributor are reinstated on an ongoing basis if such Contributor
notifies You of the non-compliance by some reasonable means, this is the
first time You have received notice of non-compliance with this License
from such Contributor, and You become compliant prior to 30 days after
Your receipt of the notice.

5.2. If You initiate litigation against any entity by asserting a patent
infringement claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions,
counter-claims, and cross-claims) alleging that a Contributor Version
directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then the rights granted to
You by any and all Contributors for the Covered Software under Section
2.1 of this License shall terminate.

5.3. In the event of termination under Sections 5.1 or 5.2 above, all
end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers) which
have been validly granted by You or Your distributors under this License
prior to termination shall survive termination.

************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
*  6. Disclaimer of Warranty                                           *
*  -------------------------                                           *
*                                                                      *
*  Covered Software is provided under this License on an "as is"       *
*  basis, without warranty of any kind, either expressed, implied, or  *
*  statutory, including, without limitation, warranties that the       *
*  Covered Software is free of defects, merchantable, fit for a        *
*  particular purpose or non-infringing. The entire risk as to the     *
*  quality and performance of the Covered Software is with You.        *
*  Should any Covered Software prove defective in any respect, You     *
*  (not any Contributor) assume the cost of any necessary servicing,   *
*  repair, or correction. This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an   *
*  essential part of this License. No use of any Covered Software is   *
*  authorized under this License except under this disclaimer.         *
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
*  7. Limitation of Liability                                          *
*  --------------------------                                          *
*                                                                      *
*  Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether tort      *
*  (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall any           *
*  Contributor, or anyone who distributes Covered Software as          *
*  permitted above, be liable to You for any direct, indirect,         *
*  special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character      *
*  including, without limitation, damages for lost profits, loss of    *
*  goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any    *
*  and all other commercial damages or losses, even if such party      *
*  shall have been informed of the possibility of such damages. This   *
*  limitation of liability shall not apply to liability for death or   *
*  personal injury resulting from such party's negligence to the       *
*  extent applicable law prohibits such limitation. Some               *
*  jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of           *
*  incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion and          *
*  limitation may not apply to You.                                    *
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

8. Litigation
-------------

Any litigation relating to this License may be brought only in the
courts of a jurisdiction where the defendant maintains its principal
place of business and such litigation shall be governed by laws of that
jurisdiction, without reference to its conflict-of-law provisions.
Nothing in this Section shall prevent a party's ability to bring
cross-claims or counter-claims.

9. Miscellaneous
----------------

This License represents the complete agreement concerning the subject
matter hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be
unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent
necessary to make it enforceable. Any law or regulation which provides
that the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter
shall not be used to construe this License against a Contributor.

10. Versions of the License
---------------------------

10.1. New Versions

Mozilla Foundation is the license steward. Except as provided in Section
10.3, no one other than the license steward has the right to modify or
publish new versions of this License. Each version will be given a
distinguishing version number.

10.2. Effect of New Versions

You may distribute the Covered Software under the terms of the version
of the License under which You originally received the Covered Software,
or under the terms of any subsequent version published by the license
steward.

10.3. Modified Versions

If you create software not governed by this License, and you want to
create a new license for such software, you may create and use a
modified version of this License if you rename the license and remove
any references to the name of the license steward (except to note that
such modified license differs from this License).

10.4. Distributing Source Code Form that is Incompatible With Secondary
Licenses

If You choose to distribute Source Code Form that is Incompatible With
Secondary Licenses under the terms of this version of the License, the
notice described in Exhibit B of this License must be attached.

Exhibit A - Source Code Form License Notice
-------------------------------------------

  This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
  License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
  file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular
file, then You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE
file in a relevant directory) where a recipient would be likely to look
for such a notice.

You may add additional accurate notices of copyright ownership.

Exhibit B - "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses" Notice
---------------------------------------------------------

  This Source Code Form is "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses", as
  defined by the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0.
===========================================================================
json-c - A JSON implementation in C
https://github.com/json-c/json-c

Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Eric Haszlakiewicz

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

----------------------------------------------------------------

Copyright (c) 2004, 2005 Metaparadigm Pte Ltd

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
===========================================================================
libsha2 
Copyright 2023 Seagate Technology

Copyright 2000 Aaron D. Gifford.  All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of contributors
   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) AND CONTRIBUTOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) OR CONTRIBUTOR(S) BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
